Co-operative Societies, Official Language and Other Provisions FAQs

1. Which Constitutional Amendment Act gave constitutional status and protection to co-operative societies?

2. In which year was the 97th Amendment Act, which gave constitutional status to co-operative societies, enacted?

3. The 97th Amendment Act made the right to form co-operative societies a fundamental right under which Article?

4. The 97th Amendment Act inserted which new Directive Principle of State Policy relating to promotion of co-operative societies?

5. The 97th Amendment Act added a new Part in the Constitution entitled "The Co-operative Societies." Which Part is this?

6. As per Part IX-B of the Constitution, what is the maximum number of directors permitted on the board of a co-operative society?

7. Under Part IX-B, the state legislature is required to provide for reservation on the board of a co-operative society for how many seats for women?

8. Consider the following statements regarding board composition under Part IX-B of the Constitution: (I) One seat is to be reserved for the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes. (II) Two seats are to be reserved for women. (III) Co-opted members are entitled to vote in board elections. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

9. Under Part IX-B, what is the term of office of elected members of the board and its office bearers?

10. Under Part IX-B, the number of co-opted members on the board of a co-operative society, having experience in banking, management or finance, shall not exceed how many, in addition to the twenty-one directors?

11. Under Part IX-B, a board of a co-operative society shall not be superseded or kept under suspension for a period exceeding how long?

12. Which of the following is NOT among the grounds on which a co-operative society's board may be superseded or kept under suspension, as per Part IX-B?

13. Under Part IX-B, the accounts of every co-operative society shall be audited within how many months of the close of the financial year?

14. As per Part IX-B, every co-operative society is required to file returns to the authority designated by the State Government within how many months of the close of the financial year?

15. Under Part IX-B, the provisions relating to co-operative societies apply to multi-state co-operative societies subject to which modification?

16. In which case did the Gujarat High Court declare the 97th Constitutional Amendment Act's insertion of Part IX-B to be ultra vires the Constitution for want of requisite state ratification?

17. In which year did the Gujarat High Court deliver its judgement in the Rajendra Shah case regarding Part IX-B?

18. In which year did the Supreme Court decide the appeal of Union of India vs. Rajendra N. Shah concerning Part IX-B?

19. As per the Supreme Court's 2021 ruling in Union of India vs. Rajendra N. Shah, Part IX-B of the Constitution is operative only insofar as it concerns which of the following?

20. Which Article, inserted by the 97th Amendment Act, deals specifically with the "Incorporation of Co-operative Societies"?

21. Which Article inserted by the 97th Amendment Act deals with "Supersession and Suspension of Board and Interim Management" of co-operative societies?

22. Part XVII of the Constitution, dealing with the official language, covers which range of Articles?

23. The Constitution specifies Hindi, written in which script, as the official language of the Union?

24. For official purposes of the Union, the Constitution mandates the use of which form of numerals, rather than the Devanagari form?

25. As per the Constitution, English was to continue for all official purposes of the Union for a period of fifteen years from the commencement of the Constitution — that is, from 1950 until which year?

26. Under the Constitution, a commission is to be appointed by the President to make recommendations on the progressive use of Hindi at the end of five years and again at the end of how many years from the Constitution's commencement?

27. The first Official Language Commission, appointed by the President in 1955, was chaired by whom?

28. The Committee of Parliament constituted in 1957 to examine the Official Language Commission's report was chaired by whom?

29. In which year did the Parliament enact the Official Languages Act, providing for the continued use of English alongside Hindi indefinitely?

30. The Official Languages Act of 1963 was amended in which year to make the use of English, in addition to Hindi, compulsory in certain cases?

31. Under the constitutional provisions on regional languages, until a state legislature adopts an official language, which language continues as the official language of that state?

32. With reference to the choice of official language by a state legislature, consider the following statements: (I) A state may adopt any one or more languages in use in the state, or Hindi, as its official language. (II) The state's choice is limited only to languages enumerated in the Eighth Schedule. (III) Until the state legislature acts, English continues as the state's official language. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

33. As per the Official Languages Act, 1963, communication between the Union and non-Hindi states is to be conducted in which language?

34. Until Parliament provides otherwise, all proceedings in the Supreme Court and every High Court are to be conducted in which language only?

35. A governor of a state, with the previous consent of the President, can authorise the use of Hindi or another official language of the state in High Court proceedings, but this authorisation does NOT extend to which of the following?

36. Since Parliament has made no provision for the use of Hindi in the Supreme Court, the Supreme Court hears petitions and appeals only in which language?

37. Which Act lays down that a translation in any Eighth Schedule regional language (other than Hindi) of a central act, published under the authority of the President in the Official Gazette, is deemed to be an authoritative text?

38. As a special directive to protect linguistic minorities, the Constitution provides that every aggrieved person has the right to submit a grievance representation to a Union or state officer in which language?

39. The President should appoint a Special Officer for which of the following, to investigate matters relating to constitutional safeguards and report to the President?

40. At present, the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution specifies how many languages?

41. How many languages were originally specified in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution?

42. Sindhi was added to the Eighth Schedule by which Amendment Act?

43. Which of the following languages was added to the Eighth Schedule by the 71st Amendment Act of 1992?

44. With reference to languages added to the Eighth Schedule, consider the following pairs: (I) Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali – 71st Amendment Act, 1992 (II) Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali – 92nd Amendment Act, 2003 (III) Sindhi – 21st Amendment Act, 1967 Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

45. The Committee of Parliament on Official Language, provided for under the Official Languages Act of 1963, was actually set up in which year?

46. The Committee of Parliament on Official Language comprises how many members of Parliament in total?

47. The Committee of Parliament on Official Language consists of 30 members split between the two Houses. How many of these are from the Lok Sabha?

48. As a matter of convention, which functionary has been elected Chairman of the Committee of Parliament on Official Language from time to time?

49. In which year did the Government of India decide to create a new category of languages called "classical languages"?

50. Which of the following languages was the first to be granted classical language status, in 2004?

51. Which two languages were jointly granted classical language status in 2008?

52. Which of the following was the most recent language to be granted classical language status, in 2014?

53. Public services in India are classified into how many categories?

54. Which of the following is NOT one of the three categories into which public services in India are classified?

55. In 1947, the Indian Civil Service (ICS) was replaced by which All-India Service?

56. The Indian Forest Service was established as the third All-India Service in which year?

57. Which Article of the Constitution authorises Parliament to create new All-India Services based on a Rajya Sabha resolution?

58. A new All-India Service can be created only by which of the following?

59. Who is regarded as the "Father of All-India Services" for being the chief protagonist of All-India Services in the Constituent Assembly?

60. Which Act authorised the Central Government to make rules, in consultation with state governments, for regulating recruitment and service conditions of All-India Services members?

61. All three All-India Services are classified under which category of service?

62. Which of the following is the correct sequence of scales within the All-India Services, from entry-level upward?

63. Which Ministry of the Central Government manages and controls the Indian Police Service?

64. With reference to the management of All-India Services, consider the following pairs: (I) IAS – Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (II) IPS – Ministry of Home Affairs (III) IFoS – Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

65. With regard to control over All-India Services, which of the following statements is correct?

66. Which of the following is a joint cadre among the All-India Services state cadres?

67. Before independence, Central Services were classified into Class I, Class II, Subordinate and Inferior services. Which Pay Commission recommended replacing "Subordinate" and "Inferior" with Class III and Class IV?

68. The classification of Central Services into Group A, B, C and D (replacing Class I, II, III and IV) was made in 1974 on the recommendation of which Pay Commission?

69. Which Central Service is described as the topmost in terms of prestige, status, pay and emoluments, ranking next only to the IAS?

70. The Indian Foreign Service is managed by which Ministry?

71. Among state services, which service is generally regarded as the most prestigious?

72. Under the All-India Services Act of 1951, what proportion of senior posts in the IAS, IPS and IFoS is required to be filled by promotion of state service officers?

73. Constitutional provisions regarding all-India services, Central services and state services are contained in which Part of the Constitution?

74. Which Article empowers Parliament and state legislatures to regulate recruitment and conditions of service for public services under the Centre and states respectively?

75. Under the doctrine of pleasure as provided in Article 310, members of civil services of a state hold office during the pleasure of whom?

76. Article 311 provides two safeguards to civil servants against arbitrary dismissal. Which of the following is one such safeguard?

77. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 abolished which procedural right previously available to a civil servant facing dismissal?

78. As per Article 312, a resolution in the Rajya Sabha recommending the creation of a new All-India Service must be supported by what proportion of members present and voting?

79. As per Article 312, the all-India judicial service should not include any post inferior to that of which office?

80. Which Amendment Act made the provision for creation of an all-India judicial service, though no such law has been enacted so far?

81. Article 312A, which confers powers on Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of persons appointed to a civil service of the Crown before 1950, was inserted by which Amendment Act?

82. Articles dealing with the property, contracts, rights, liabilities, obligations and suits of the Union and states are found in which Part of the Constitution?

83. India's territorial waters extend to a distance of how many nautical miles from the appropriate baseline?

84. India's exclusive economic zone extends up to how many nautical miles?

85. Which Amendment Act preceded the Parliament's enactment of the Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and other Maritime Zones Act, 1976?

86. The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 abolished the constitutional obligation to pay compensation for compulsory acquisition of property, except in two cases. Which of the following is one such exception?

87. Which Article of the Constitution deals with the suits by or against the Government in India?

88. As per Article 300, the Government of India may sue or be sued in which name?

89. In the pre-Constitution period, the government in India was suable for which of the following, but NOT for torts committed in respect of its sovereign functions?

90. Under Article 299, contracts made by the Union or a state must fulfil certain mandatory conditions. Which of the following is one such condition?

91. With reference to contractual liability under Article 299, consider the following statements: (I) Failure to comply with the mandatory conditions renders a contract void and unenforceable. (II) The President or Governor is personally liable for contracts executed in his/her name. (III) The government remains suable in contracts despite the personal immunity of the President, Governor, or executing officer. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

92. The distinction between sovereign and non-sovereign functions of the Government in India, establishing government immunity for torts committed in exercise of sovereign functions, was first established in which case?

93. In which year was the P and O Steam Navigation Company case, which established the sovereign-non-sovereign functions distinction, decided?

94. The principle of sovereign immunity established in the P and O Steam Navigation Company case was reaffirmed by the Supreme Court in the post-independence era in which case?

95. In which year was the Kasturilal case, reaffirming the sovereign immunity doctrine, decided by the Supreme Court?

96. In the Nagendra Rao case, the Supreme Court adopted a liberal approach and criticised which doctrine, ruling that the State could be held liable for negligent acts of its servants?

97. In which year was the Nagendra Rao case, which liberalised the State's tortious liability, decided?

98. In the Nagendra Rao case, did the Supreme Court explicitly overrule its earlier judgement in the Kasturilal case?

99. In the Common Cause case, the Supreme Court held that the rule of State liability as laid down in the P and O Steam Navigation Company case was which of the following?

100. In which year was the Common Cause case, which rejected the sovereign immunity rule, decided by the Supreme Court?

101. In the Prisoner's Murder case (2000), the Supreme Court held that which earlier precedent had "paled into insignificance" and was no longer of binding value?

102. With regard to immunity of the President and Governors for official acts, which of the following is correct?

103. With regard to personal acts of the President and Governors, civil proceedings can be initiated during their term of office after giving how much advance notice?

104. Ministers in India are not liable in courts for the official acts of the President and Governor primarily because, unlike in Britain, they are not required to do which of the following?

105. Which Act lays down that no judge, magistrate, or other person acting judicially shall be liable to be sued in a civil court for acts done in discharge of official duty?

106. Special provisions relating to SCs, STs, backward classes and Anglo-Indians are contained in which Part of the Constitution?

107. Special provisions relating to certain classes are contained in Articles spanning which range?

108. Which Amendment Act inserted Article 342A, empowering the President to specify socially and educationally backward classes?

109. In which year was the 102nd Amendment Act, which introduced provisions on specification of socially and educationally backward classes, enacted?

110. Which Amendment Act empowered a state or union territory to prepare and maintain its own separate list of socially and educationally backward classes, distinct from the Central List?

111. In which year was the 105th Amendment Act, which restored states' power to maintain their own OBC lists, enacted?

112. Which of the following classes is explicitly defined by the Constitution itself, unlike SCs, STs, and OBCs?

113. Under the original constitutional scheme, reservation of seats for SCs and STs in legislatures was to operate for how many years initially?

114. As per the 104th Amendment Act of 2019, reservation for SCs and STs in legislatures is to last until which year?

115. Which Amendment Act provides for relaxation in qualifying marks or lowering evaluation standards for SCs and STs in matters of promotion to public services?

116. In which year was the 82nd Amendment Act, permitting relaxed evaluation standards for SC/ST promotions, enacted?

117. Which Article of the Constitution provides for a National Commission for Scheduled Castes?

118. Which Article provides for a National Commission for Scheduled Tribes?

119. Which Amendment Act bifurcated the previously combined National Commission for SCs and STs into two separate bodies?

120. In which year was the 89th Amendment Act, which split the combined SC/ST Commission, enacted?

121. The President is required to appoint a commission on the administration of scheduled areas and welfare of STs compulsorily after how many years of the Constitution's commencement?

122. The first commission on the administration of scheduled areas and welfare of STs, appointed in 1960, was headed by whom?

123. The second commission on the welfare of STs, appointed in 2002, was headed by whom?

124. Which Amendment Act conferred constitutional status on the National Commission for Backward Classes, inserting Article 338-B?

125. In which year was the National Commission for Backward Classes originally set up, prior to being granted constitutional status?

126. The first Backward Classes Commission, appointed in 1953, was chaired by whom?

127. The second Backward Classes Commission, appointed in 1979, was chaired by whom?

128. The V.P. Singh Government declared reservation of what percentage of government jobs for OBCs in 1990, based on the recommendations of the second Backward Classes Commission?

129. Before 2020, the President could nominate how many members from the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha, if the community was not adequately represented?

130. The provision for special representation of the Anglo-Indian community in legislatures by nomination ceased to have effect on which date?

131. The provision discontinuing special nominated representation for Anglo-Indians in legislatures was brought about by which Amendment Act?

132. The National Commission for Scheduled Castes also discharges similar functions with regard to which other community, as clarified in Article 338?

133. Special provisions for certain states are contained in which range of Articles under Part XXI of the Constitution?

134. Part XXI of the Constitution, which contains special state provisions, is entitled which of the following?

135. Under Article 371, the President is authorised to give the Governors of Maharashtra and Gujarat special responsibility for the establishment of separate development boards. Which of the following is one such board area?

136. Which Article makes special provisions for Nagaland regarding the non-applicability of certain Parliamentary Acts unless the State Legislative Assembly so decides?

137. Which Amendment Act inserted Article 371-A, containing special provisions for Nagaland?

138. In which year was the 13th Amendment Act, which inserted special provisions for Nagaland, enacted?

139. Under Article 371-A, a regional council is to be established for which district of Nagaland?

140. Under Article 371-A, the regional council for Tuensang district is to consist of how many members?

141. Which Article, added by the 22nd Amendment Act of 1969, empowers the President to provide for creation of a committee of the Assam Legislative Assembly consisting of members elected from the Tribal Areas of the state?

142. Which Article, added by the 27th Amendment Act of 1971, makes special provisions for Manipur relating to a committee of the Legislative Assembly for Hill Areas?

143. Articles 371-D and 371-E, containing special provisions for Andhra Pradesh, were added by which Amendment Act?

144. In which year did the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act extend the special provisions of Article 371-D to the newly formed state of Telangana?

145. Under Article 371-D, the President may provide for the establishment of an Administrative Tribunal in the state to deal with disputes relating to appointment, allotment or promotion to civil posts. This tribunal functions outside the purview of which body?

146. Which Article empowers Parliament to provide for the establishment of a Central University in the state of Andhra Pradesh?

147. Which Constitutional Amendment Act made Sikkim a full-fledged state of the Indian Union?

148. In which year was the 36th Amendment Act, which made Sikkim a full state, enacted?

149. Under Article 371-F, the Sikkim Legislative Assembly is to consist of not less than how many members?

150. Under Article 371-F, how many seats are allotted to Sikkim in the Lok Sabha?

151. Which Article, added by the 53rd Amendment Act of 1986, provides that certain Acts of Parliament on religious/social practices and customary law would not apply to Mizoram unless the State Legislative Assembly so decides?

152. Under Article 371-G, the Mizoram Legislative Assembly is to consist of not less than how many members?

153. Which Article, added by the 55th Amendment Act of 1986, gives the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh special responsibility for law and order in the state?

154. Under Article 371-H, the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly is to consist of not less than how many members?

155. Which Article, added by the 56th Amendment Act of 1987, provides that the Goa Legislative Assembly shall consist of not less than 30 members?

156. Which Article, inserted by the 98th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2012, provides special provisions for the Hyderabad-Karnataka region of Karnataka?

157. In which year was the 98th Amendment Act, which inserted special provisions for the Hyderabad-Karnataka region, enacted?

158. Consider the following statements regarding the Hyderabad-Karnataka region under Article 371-J: (I) It includes six backward districts of Northern Karnataka. (II) The President is empowered to provide for reservation in state government posts in the region for local persons. (III) A separate High Court bench was mandated for the region under this Article. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

159. Which six districts of Northern Karnataka are included in the Hyderabad-Karnataka region under Article 371-J?

29. Co-operative Societies, Official Language and Other Provisions